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Last Update: Sat Sep 30 06:53:29 2006

+ Evolution - Major steps in cell evolution: palaeontological, molecular and cellular evidence of their timing and global effects. Papers from a discussion meeting at the Royal Society. September 26-27, 2005. London, United Kingdom. + Evolution - Major steps in cell evolution: palaeontological, molecular and cellular evidence of their timing and global effects. ...

+ Evolution - Pulmonary capillaritis and its relationship to development of emphysema in hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. + Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare disorder characterised by complement activation and the presence [...] with HUVS and obstructive airways disease. We suggest that there is a role for ongoing immunosuppressive therapy in these patients.

+ Evolution - A nonmechanical etiology: The adhesive design concept. + Advances in restorative material formulations and adhesive technology have expanded and created new treatment possibilities for dental [...] and composite resin placement. This article illustrates these considerations for placing a Class I posterior composite restoration.

+ Evolution - Evolution of male-killer suppression in a natural population. + Male-killing bacteria are widespread in arthropods, and can profoundly alter the reproductive biology of their host species. Here we [...] may have done so in the past, and thus that more species have had their biology affected by these parasites than previously believed.

+ Evolution - Shavenbaby couples patterning to epidermal cell shape control. + It is well established that developmental programs act during embryogenesis to determine animal morphogenesis. How these developmental [...] shedding new light on molecular mechanisms acting during morphogenesis and the way they can influence evolution of animal forms.

+ Evolution - Dorsoventral patterning in hemichordates: insights into early chordate evolution. + We have compared the dorsoventral development of hemichordates and chordates to deduce the organization of their common ancestor, and [...] aspects of the germ layers, including neural cell fates within a diffuse nervous system. Accordingly, centralization was added

+ Evolution - Modeling Somatic Evolution in Tumorigenesis. + Tumorigenesis in humans is thought to be a multistep process where certain mutations confer a selective advantage, allowing lineages [...] the timing and cellular makeup of the resulting tumor and how the cellular-level population dynamics drive neoplastic evolution.

+ Evolution - Expansion of Protein Domain Repeats. + Many proteins, especially in eukaryotes, contain tandem repeats of several domains from the same family. These repeats have a variety [...] in some families can possibly be explained by shuffling of exons. However, exon shuffling could not have created all repeats.

+ Evolution - On the nature of man and disaster. + ABSTRACT : Unique among animals, humans survive not by superb physical adaptation to our environment, but rather by intelligent, [...] some kind. Violent weather, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and even meteorite impacts represent threats of varying degrees of risk.

+ Evolution - Ultrastructural and molecular identification of a new Rickettsia endosymbiont in the springtail Onychiurus sinensis (Hexapoda, Collembola). + In this paper we provide microscopic and molecular evidence for the presence of an endosymbiontic bacterium in male and female gonads [...] species/strains isolated in various arthropods have rapidly evolved and diversified in what appears to be a sudden burst of evolution.

+ Evolution - Investigation of the electron transfer site of p-benzoquinone in isolated photosystem II particles and thylakoid membranes using alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. + The electron transfer sites of p-benzoquinone (pBQ) and 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone (DCBQ) were investigated in thylakoid membranes [...] (1995) 597-605]. An attractive alternative hypothesis is the direct interaction of pBQ with the non-haem Fe(2+) between Q(A) and Q(B).

+ Evolution - Human microRNA clusters: Genomic organization and expression profile in leukemia cell lines. + MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in diverse physiological and developmental processes by negatively regulating expression of [...] and oncogenesis, and provide clues for understanding the function and mechanism of miRNAs in various biological processes.

+ Evolution - The evolution of atrial fibrillation ablation from triggers to substrate. + The surgical approach to treat atrial fibrillation involves compartmentalizing the atrium. By dividing the atrium into discrete [...] to the mitral valve annulus. The technique appears to be more analogous to the surgical model, now isolating triggers as well as pre

+ Evolution - Arachnid toxinology in Australia: From clinical toxicology to potential applications. + The unique geographic isolation of Australia has resulted in the evolution of a distinctive range of Australian arachnid fauna. [...] just some of the toxins produced by such a unique group of arachnids and examines the potential applications of these novel peptides.

+ Evolution - Early blindness results in abnormal corticocortical and thalamocortical connections. + Studies in congenitally blind and bilaterally enucleated individuals show that an early loss of sensory driven activity can lead to [...] that there are formidable constraints imposed on the developing cortex that highly restrict the types of evolutionary change possible.

+ Evolution - Eukaryotic transcription factors in plastids - Bioinformatic assessment and implications for the evolution of gene expression machineries in plants. + The expression of genes in higher plant chloroplasts includes a complex transcriptional regulation which can be explained only in part [...] todays plants. An evolutionary model of how this could have emerged during endosymbiosis in a timely coordinated manner is proposed.

+ Evolution - Echocardiographic diagnosis of carcinoid disease: Exceptional evolution after ovarian tumor resection without cardiac surgery. + There are very few cases described in literature with carcinoid heart disease caused by a pure ovarian tumor. Right heart failure [...] resection, without valve replacement and with regression of tricuspid and pulmonary injury. Echocardiography was the diagnostic clue.

+ Evolution - In vitro evolution of proteins. + Consecutive rounds of diversification and selection of the fittest is believed to be the main driving force for the evolution of life. [...] yield proteins with improved or altered biophysical properties, and may even allow the generation of proteins with novel functions.

+ Evolution - Natural Selection for Kinetic Stability Is a Likely Origin of Correlations between Mutational Effects on Protein Energetics and Frequencies of Amino Acid Occurrences in Sequence Alignments. + It appears plausible that natural selection constrains, to some extent at least, the stability in many natural proteins. If, during [...] stability), namely the energetic optimization of native-state residue environments in regions, which become disrupted in the transiti

+ Evolution - Glatiramer acetate (GA) therapy induces a focused, oligoclonal CD8+ T-cell repertoire in multiple sclerosis. + We have demonstrated that GA therapy induces a differential upregulation of GA-specific, cytotoxic/suppressor CD8+ T-cell responses in [...] showed continual evolution of their repertoire. This clonotypic and functional analysis provides mechanistic insights into GA therapy.

+ Evolution - Adhesion contact kinetics of HepG2 cells during Hepatitis B virus replication: Involvement of SH3-binding motif in HBX. + It has been shown that Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication directly alters the expression of key cytoskeleton-associated proteins [...] Taken together, our results suggest that HBX is involved in the cytoskeletal reorganization in response to HBV replication.

+ Evolution - A comparison of glycans and polyglycans using solid-state NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. + Individual polyglycans and their corresponding monomers have been studied separately for several decades. Attention has focused [...] Greater Evolution Resolution (TIGER). Structural changes in the crystalline framework were supported by XRPD diffraction data.

+ Evolution - The evolution of osteoarthritis in 103 patients with ACL reconstruction at 17 years follow-up. + AIM: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of a bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, at long-term [...] reconstruction plus extra-articular tenodesis is good in the very long term, particularly in knees with a preserved medial meniscus.

+ Evolution - Revascularizing the upper basilar circulation with saphenous vein grafts: operative technique and lessons learned. + BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report our operative technique and lessons learned using saphenous vein conduits to [...] has varied, patient selection criteria, graft patency, and patient outcomes have been relatively constant over the past 25 years.

+ Evolution - What the Primary Care Pediatrician Should Know about Syndromes Associated with Exposures to Mycotoxins. + Disease associated with exposure to mycotoxins is known as the "Great Masquerader" of the 21st century because of its complex natural [...] consequences of exposures to these natural toxins helps pediatricians to serve as better advocates for children and families.

+ Evolution - Evolution of transmembrane protein kinases implicated in coordinating remodelling of Gram-positive peptidoglycan: inside versus outside. + Members of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs), unique to Gram-positive bacteria, comprise an intracellular kinase [...] kinase domain, allowing an STPK to coordinate peptidoglycan remodelling and reproduction of a complex cell wall structure.

+ Evolution - Rapid in situ evolution of nodulating strains through lateral transfer of a symbiosis island from the original mesorhizobial inoculant for Biserrula pelecinus L. + Diverse rhizobia able to nodulate Biserrula pelecinus evolved following in situ transfer of nodA and nifH from the inoculant to soil [...] an identical integrase gene adjacent to a Phe-tRNA in both inoculant and recipients indicate lateral transfer of a symbiosis island.

+ Evolution - Structural basis for the fast maturation of Arthropoda green fluorescent protein. + Since the cloning of Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) in 1992, a family of known GFP-like proteins has been growing [...] the chromophore. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that this feature is critical for the fast maturation of the chromophore.

+ Evolution - Identifying sites under positive selection with uncertain parameter estimates. + Codon-based substitution models are routinely used to measure selective pressures acting on protein-coding genes. To this effect, the [...] model used to detect amino acids under selection should be carefully selected, for instance using Akaike information criterion (AIC).

+ Evolution - Molecular and cytological characterization of ribosomal RNA genes in Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium berlandieri. + The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are valuable as chromosome landmarks and in evolutionary [...] loci during the evolution of this species. C. berlandieri exhibited variation in both NOR and 5S rRNA loci without changes in ploidy.

+ Evolution - Origin and evolution of Andigena potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers. + Andigena potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena Hawkes) (2n = 4x = 48) are important, native-farmer-selected cultivars in the [...] with multiple origins exclusively from S. stenotomum. The overall evolutionary process toward the present-day Andigena was discussed.

+ Evolution - Petrography of gypsum-bearing facies of the Codó Formation (Late Aptian), Northern Brazil. + An original and detailed study focusing the petrography of evaporites from the Late Aptian deposits exposed in the eastern and [...] latest phase of evaporite formation in the study area, resulting from either intrastratal waters or surface waters during weathering.

+ Evolution - The evolution of Neoproterozoic magmatism in Southernmost Brazil: shoshonitic, high-K tholeiitic and silica-saturated, sodic alkaline volcanism in post-collisional basins. + The Neoproterozoic shoshonitic and mildly alkaline bimodal volcanism of Southernmost Brazil is represented by rock assemblages [...] magmatism mantle sources in southern Brazil is put in evidence by Nb-negative anomalies and isotope features typical of EM1 sources.

+ Evolution - Surgical aspects of congestive heart failure. + Despite tremendous advances in the medical management of congestive heart failure the gold standard for the treatment of end stage [...] of such therapies is likely to one day have a significant epidemiologic impact on patients suffering from end stage heart failure.

+ Evolution - Influence of Fe concentration in the medium on multicellular pollen grains and haploid plants induced by mannitol pretreatment in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). + This study aims to clarify the short- and long-term effects of the iron concentration in the medium on androgenesis induced in barley [...] using different Fe concentrations was evaluated in order to estimate the optimum concentration for isolated microspore culture.

+ Evolution - Conventional and novel modes of exine patterning in members of the Araceae - the consequence of ecological paradigm shifts? + In the family Araceae, the members of all subfamilies except Aroideae follow the conventional mode of exine formation pattern, which [...] with short-lived pollen, an energetically not costly pollen wall, rapid germination of pollen tube, and brief receptivity of stigma.

+ Evolution - Foetal heart rate power spectrum response to uterine contraction. + Cardiotocography is the most diffused prenatal diagnostic technique in clinical routine. The simultaneous recording of foetal heart [...] a contraction can be a sign of ANS reaction and, therefore, additional, objective information about foetal reactivity during labour.

+ Evolution - Mathematical modeling of fracture healing in mice: comparison between experimental data and numerical simulation results. + The combined use of experimental and mathematical models can lead to a better understanding of fracture healing. In this study, a [...] treatment by administration of growth factors was modeled to demonstrate the potential therapeutic value of this mathematical model.

+ Evolution - A role for genetic accommodation in evolution? + Whether evolutionary change can occur by genetic assimilation, or more generally by genetic accommodation, remains controversial. Here [...] this mechanism acts and how often it is involved in evolutionary change. BioEssays 28: 868-873, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

+ Evolution - PAMP recognition and the plant-pathogen arms race. + Plants have evolved systems analogous to animal innate immunity that recognise pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMP [...] of effectors against pathogen manipulation; the arms race continues. BioEssays 28: 880-889, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

+ Evolution - The role of mitochondrial respiration in physiological and evolutionary adaptation. + Aerobic mitochondria serve as the power sources of eukaryotes by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The enzymes [...] of environmental cues to selection on mitochondrial haplotype variation. BioEssays 28: 890-901, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

+ Evolution - Common and divergent pathways in alternative developmental processes of ascidians. + Colonial ascidians offer opportunities to investigate how developmental events are integrated to generate the animal form, since they [...] were co-opted for new developmental processes, such as blastogenesis. BioEssays 28: 902-912, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley periodicals, Inc.

+ Bioinformatics - One Year of PLoS Computational Biology. + Bioinformatics - One Year of PLoS Computational ...

+ Bioinformatics - Applying computational modeling to drug discovery and development. + Computational models of cells, tissues and organisms are necessary for increased understanding of biological systems. In particular, [...] demonstrate how companies can employ these computational models to improve the efficiency of transforming targets into therapies.

+ Bioinformatics - Annual Progress in Bioinformatics 2006. + Bioinformatics - Annual Progress in Bioinformatics ...